Real-world Testing Confirms Bulevirtide Efficacy in Treating Hepatitis D
In 2020, bulevirtide (BLV) was conditionally approved for treating chronic hepatitis delta (CHD), an inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis D virus (HDV). Now, as reported in the Journal of Hepatology, real-world studies confirm that long-term suppressive therapy with BLV monotherapy reduces viral replication and improves liver tests of these difficult-to-treat patients.
Two of the studies, led by Pietro Lampertico, MD, PhD, were designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of patients with advanced HDV-related compensated cirrhosis being treated with BLV 2mg monotherapy and the consequences of discontinuing this treatment.
“HDV is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis,” explained Dr Lampertico. “For many years, the only therapeutic option was the off-label administration of pegylated-interferon-alpha (PegIFNa), an approach characterised by suboptimal efficacy, an unfavourable safety profile and several contraindications.”
In a study of 18 patients with HDV-related advanced cirrhosis treated with BLV 2mg/day for 48 weeks, Dr. Lampertico and colleagues demonstrated significant virological, biochemical and combined response rates associated with improvement of liver function.
“The efficacy and safety of BLV monotherapy in patients with advanced compensated cirrhosis were unknown before this study. Virological and biochemical responses to BLV monotherapy that we observed in our difficult-to-treat patients with HDV-related compensated cirrhosis were similar to those shown in the phase III registration study,” Dr Lampertico noted.
In a case report, Dr Lampertico and colleagues demonstrated that HDV could be successfully eradicated from both serum and liver following a three-year course of BLV monotherapy. This was despite the persistence of HBsAg, in a patient with HDV-related compensated cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. During the 72-week off-BLV follow-up, liver biopsy, intrahepatic HDV RNA and hepatitis D antigen were undetectable, less than 1% of hepatocytes were HBsAg positive and all were negative for hepatitis B core antigen.
“We were surprised to demonstrate that HDV can be eradicated following a finite course of an entry inhibitor administered as monotherapy such as BLV 2mg/day, despite the persistence of HBsAg positivity,” commented Dr Lampertico.
In a study in JHEP Reports led by Katja Deterding, MD, investigators report the first data from the largest multicentre cohort of patients to date who were treated with BLV under real-world conditions. This included 50 patients with signs of significant portal hypertension, elevated pressure in the major vein that leads to the liver.
The retrospective analysis of 114 cases covered 4289 patient weeks of BLV treatment. Viral response was observed in 87 cases while hepatic inflammation improved, and treatment was well tolerated. More than 50% of patients showed a virologic response with less than 10% of patients not achieving an HDV RNA drop of at least 90% after 24 weeks. An improvement of biochemical hepatitis activity as measured by the liver enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT) values was observed regardless of virologic response. Investigators concluded that treatment was safe and well tolerated and associated with improvements in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension with prolonged treatment.
“In line with other real-world cohorts and clinical trials our real-world study confirms the antiviral activity of BLV,” noted Dr Deterding. “We were surprised to see an improvement in biochemical hepatitis activity even in cases without viral response. Potential explanations for this phenomenon include anti-inflammatory properties of BLV.”
“This is the first time that patients with HDV-related chronic advanced liver disease can be treated with an antiviral therapy since 1977 when HDV was discovered. Long-term suppressive therapy with BLV 2mg/day has the potential to improve survival, of these difficult-to-treat patients for the first time in 45 years,” concluded Dr Lampertico. “We also found that BLV treatment can be successfully discontinued in some HDV patients who achieved long-term viral suppression while on therapy.”
HDV infection occurs when people become infected with both hepatitis B and D virus either simultaneously (co-infection) or acquire the hepatitis D virus after first being infected with hepatitis B (super-infection). According to the World Health Organization, HDV affects nearly 5% of individuals with a chronic infection resulting from hepatitis B virus (HBV). Populations that are more likely to have HBV and HDV co-infection include indigenous populations, haemodialysis recipients and individuals who inject drugs.
Source: Elsevier
