Retinal Cells a Haven for Ebola and Other Viruses
A specific cell within the retina, the retinal pigment epithelial cell, appears to be particularly good at housing Ebola and other viruses, according to new research published in the journal Frontiers in Virology.
“Inflammation of the eye, known as uveitis, is very common following infection with Ebola and we know the cells within the iris, at the front of the eye, as well as the retina have the capacity to play a major role in uveitis and act as hosts for microorganisms,” explained study senior author Professor Justine Smith at Flinders University.
“However, what we didn’t know was which out of the two was most responsible in the case of Ebola.”
“Patients with Ebola eye disease have characteristic retinal scars”
Professor Justine Smith
The study used cells from human eyes donated from the South Australia Eye Bank to investigate the ability of iris and retinal pigment epithelial cells to be infected by Ebola.
Cells were infected with Ebola virus, Reston virus (a type of ebolavirus that does not cause disease in humans) or Zika virus (another type of virus, but one that also can cause uveitis), while some were left uninfected for the duration of the trial.
While both types of cells allow replication of the Ebola virus, it was the retinal cells that showed much higher levels of infection.
“We also found similar results when looking at the cells infected with Reston virus and Zika virus,” said Professor Smith.
“Patients with Ebola eye disease have characteristic retinal scars, suggesting the retinal pigment epithelium is involved in the disease, so this finding is consistent with what eye doctors are seeing in the clinic.
“These retinal cells are good at eating things – called phagocytosis – and they play an essential part in the visual cycle by recycling our photoreceptors, so it makes sense that these cells would be a receptive haven for Ebola, as well as other viruses.”
The researchers say the study demonstrates an important target cell for Ebola infection in the eye and suggests the potential for these cells to be monitored during acute viral infection to identify patients at highest risk of uveitis.
“Amongst other issues, including pain and blurred vision, uveitis can ultimately lead to vision loss, so it’s important we find ways to diagnose it as early as possible to enable swift treatment,” said Professor Smith.
Source: Flinders University