Category: General Interest

Categories : General InterestTags :

Social Media Viewing of Tobacco Content Linked to Use

On By ModernMedia
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People who have viewed tobacco content on social media are more than twice as likely than non-viewers to report using tobacco and, among those who have never used tobacco, more predisposed to use in the future.

A meta-analysis of 29 studies published in JAMA Pediatrics analysed data from a total of 139 624 participants. The study draws on data across age groups, countries, content types and platforms and is the first large-scale effort linking social media content to tobacco use.

“We casted a wide net across the tobacco and social media literature and synthesised everything into a single association summarising the relationship between social media exposure and tobacco use,” said Scott Donaldson, PhD, the study’s first author. “What we found is that these associations are robust and have public health implications at the population level.”

The findings come amid growing concerns about the potential harms of social media use, particularly among young people. They build a compelling argument that online tobacco content has the power to influence viewers’ offline tobacco use.

“The proliferation of social media has offered tobacco companies new ways to promote their products, especially to teens and young adults,” said Assistant Professor Jon-Patrick Allem, the paper’s senior author. “Our hope is that policymakers and other stakeholders can use our study as a basis for decision making and action.”

Effects across age, content type and platform

Compared to those not reporting exposure tobacco content, people who did report exposure were more than twice as likely to use tobacco in their lifetime, to have used it in the past 30 days, or to be susceptible to future tobacco use if they had never used tobacco before.

“Of particular importance is the fact that people who had never before used tobacco were more susceptible,” Prof Allem said. “This suggests that exposure to tobacco-related content can pique interest and potentially lead nonusers to transition to tobacco use.”

The sample included populations from across the United States, India, Australia, and Indonesia. Adolescents made up 72% of the participants, while young adults and adults accounted for 15% and 13%, respectively.

Tobacco content included both ‘organic’ or user-generated posts, such as videos of friends smoking or vaping, and promotional material, including advertising or sponsorships from tobacco companies. Items depicted in posts ranged from cigarettes and e-cigarettes to cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco products. Tobacco content appeared on a range of social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, Pinterest and Tumblr.

Both active engagement with tobacco content (eg commenting or liking) and passive engagement (just viewing) were associated with lifetime use, recent use and susceptibility to future use. People who saw content on two or more social media platforms faced even higher odds of use or susceptibility to use than those who saw tobacco-related content on just one platform.

The researchers suggest that future research should use longitudinal or experimental designs to determine whether exposure to tobacco content on social media directly leads to tobacco use. As the data in meta-analysis was drawn mostly from surveys conducted at a single point in time, a causal relationship between viewing and use could not be established.

Preventing harm from tobacco content

The study’s authors point to three levels of action that can help address the abundance of tobacco content on social media.

“First of all, we can work on designing and delivering interventions that counter the influence of pro-tobacco content, for example by educating teens about how the tobacco industry surreptitiously markets its products to them,” Allem said.

Social media platforms can also implement safeguards to protect users, especially young people, from tobacco content, for instance by including warning labels on posts that include tobacco-related terms or images. At the federal level, regulators might also choose to place stricter limits on the way tobacco companies are permitted to promote their products online.

The researchers next plan to explore the effectiveness and reach of social media tobacco prevention campaigns. They also aim to delve deeper into specific platforms used by young people, such as TikTok, and investigate how tobacco-related videos can impact susceptibility.

Source: University of Southern California

Categories : General InterestTags :

Scientists Prove that People Really do Get ‘Hangry’

On By ModernMedia
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A new study published in the journal PLOS ONE has discovered that feeling hungry really can make us ‘hangry’, with emotions such as anger and irritability strongly linked with hunger.

Hangry, a portmanteau of hungry and angry, is a commonly used colloquialism, but the phenomenon has not been widely explored by science outside of laboratory environments.

The study’s researchers found that hunger is associated with increased levels of anger and irritability, as well as reduced levels of pleasure.

The researchers recruited 64 adult participants, who recorded their levels of hunger and various measures of emotional wellbeing over a 21-day period using a smartphone app. They made their reports with the app five times a day, allowing data collection to take place in real-world settings such as at work or at home.

Hunger was found to be linked with stronger feelings of anger and irritability, as well as lower ratings of pleasure, and the effects were substantial, even after taking into account demographic factors such as age and sex, body mass index, dietary behaviour, and individual personality traits.

Hunger was associated with 37% of the variance in irritability, 34% of the variance in anger and 38% of the variance in pleasure recorded by the participants. The research also found that the negative emotions – irritability, anger, and unpleasantness – are caused by both day-to-day fluctuations in hunger, as well as residual levels of hunger measured by averages over the three-week period.

Lead author of the study Viren Swami, Professor of Social Psychology at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: “Many of us are aware that being hungry can influence our emotions, but surprisingly little scientific research has focused on being ‘hangry’.

“Ours is the first study to examine being ‘hangry’ outside of a lab. By following people in their day-to-day lives, we found that hunger was related to levels of anger, irritability, and pleasure.

“Although our study doesn’t present ways to mitigate negative hunger-induced emotions, research suggests that being able to label an emotion can help people to regulate it, such as by recognising that we feel angry simply because we are hungry. Therefore, greater awareness of being ‘hangry’ could reduce the likelihood that hunger results in negative emotions and behaviours in individuals.”

The field work was carried out by Stefan Stieger, Professor of Psychology at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences. Prof Stieger said: “This ‘hangry’ effect hasn’t been analysed in detail, so we chose a field-based approach where participants were invited to respond to prompts to complete brief surveys on an app. They were sent these prompts five times a day at semi-random occasions over a three-week period.

“This allowed us to generate intensive longitudinal data in a manner not possible with traditional laboratory-based research. Although this approach requires a great deal of effort – not only for participants but also for researchers in designing such studies – the results provide a high degree of generalisability compared to laboratory studies, giving us a much more complete picture of how people experience the emotional outcomes of hunger in their everyday lives.”

Source: Anglia Ruskin University

Categories : General Interest HospitalsTags :

Another Fire Breaks Out at Charlotte Maxeke

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In what is becoming something of a regular occurrence for Gauteng hospitals, another fire has broken at beleaguered Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital on Tuesday night. Fortunately, the fire was contained to a currently unused parking area in a damaged section of the hospital. The situation was deemed not to be serious enough to warrant a patient evacuation.

A fire in April 2021 caused the closure of seven wards, with some 200 beds. Reopening had long been delayed, and there have been complaints of thefts of equipment and construction material. Alleged corruption has continued to dog the full reopening of the 1088-bed academic hospital, overloading other hospitals and also impacting the training of student doctors.

An investigation by Spotlight revealed a number of factors for the 2021 fire including ageing infrastructure, essential equipment such as fire doors not working, low water pressure and incompatible fire hydrants (due to theft), a lack of evacuation plans and a fire service that was woefully underequipped.

Gauteng department of health spokesperson Motalatale Modiba gave a report on the latest fire: “Late on Tuesday night, security personnel reported that there was smoke that seemed to be coming from one of the structures. Firefighters for the City of Joburg immediately responded to the situation and managed to contain the fire which was confined to a small section of the level two parking.”

“The level two parking is one of the areas that was affected by the April 2021 fire and is currently under props and not accessible to the public or staff except for construction people,” Modiba said.

“Upon assessment of the situation clinicians on site together with the facility’s head of disaster made a call that the situation did not warrant for patients to be evacuated as the smoke from the fire was not too thick or high risk for inhalation.”

This comes after two fires broke out within weeks of one another at Steve Biko Academic Hospital.

Categories : General Interest Mental HealthTags :

The Mental Health Benefits of Going on Holiday

On By ModernMedia
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For better mental health, music and other forms of relaxation have been shown to have positive benefits. Now, researchers have identified a previously overlooked way to improve mental health – going on holiday, a luxury many have abandoned since COVID.

In a new cross-disciplinary paper, researchers from Edith Cowan University (ECU) propose that we view tourism, as not just as a recreational experience but as an industry that can provide real health benefits.

The interdisciplinary collaboration found that many aspects of going on holiday could have a positive impact on those with mental health issues or conditions.

Led by researcher Dr Jun Wen, a diverse team of tourism, public health and marketing experts investigated how tourism could benefit those living with dementia.

“Medical experts can recommend dementia treatments such as music therapy, exercise, cognitive stimulation, reminiscence therapy, sensory stimulation and adaptations to a patient’s mealtimes and environment,” Dr Wen said.

“These are all also often found when on holidays. This research is among the first to conceptually discuss how these tourism experiences could potentially work as dementia interventions.”

According to Dr Wen, the varied nature of tourism meant there were many opportunities to incorporate treatments for conditions such as dementia. Being in new environments and having new experiences could provide cognitive and sensory stimulation, for example.

“Exercise has been linked to mental wellbeing and travelling often involves enhanced physical activity, such as more walking,” Dr Wen said.

“Mealtimes are often different on holiday: they’re usually more social affairs with multiple people and family-style meals have been found to positively influence dementia patients’ eating behaviour.

“And then there’s the basics like fresh air and sunshine increasing vitamin D and serotonin levels. Everything that comes together to represent a holistic tourism experience, makes it easy to see how patients with dementia may benefit from tourism as an intervention.”

Dr Wen said COVID’s impact on travel in recent years had raised questions about tourism’s value beyond lifestyle and economic factors.

“Tourism has been found to boost physical and psychological wellbeing,” he said. So, after COVID, it’s a good time to identify tourism’s place in public health — and not just for healthy tourists, but vulnerable groups.”

Dr Wen said he hoped that new research could begin to examine how tourism can enhance the lives of people with various conditions.

“We’re trying to do something new in bridging tourism and health science,” he said. “There will have to be more empirical research and evidence to see if tourism can become one of the medical interventions for different diseases like dementia or depression.

“So, tourism is not just about travelling and having fun; we need to rethink the role tourism plays in modern society.”

The article ‘Tourism as a dementia treatment based on positive psychology’ was published in Tourism Management.

Source: Edith Cowan University

Categories : Environmental Effects General InterestTags :

River Pollution from Pharmaceutical Production is Widespread

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Pills and tablets
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Pharmaceutical ingredients from both prescription and over-the-counter drugs find their way into the environment during their production, use and disposal. They readily contaminate bodies of surface water such as rivers and lakes. Results from a recent study published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry indicate that pharmaceutical pollution is a problem that is affecting the world’s rivers. 

Approximately 43.5% of the 1052 locations that were assessed in the study across 104 countries had concerning concentrations of pharmaceutical ingredients. Twenty-three pharmaceutical ingredients occurred at concentrations that exceeded ‘safe’ concentrations, including substances from drug classes including antidepressants, antimicrobials, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, and painkillers.   

“This is the first truly global assessment of the impacts of single pharmaceuticals and mixtures of pharmaceuticals in riverine systems,” said corresponding author Alejandra Bouzas-Monroy, a PhD student at the University of York. “Our findings show that a very high proportion of rivers around the world are at threat from pharmaceutical pollution. We should therefore be doing much more to reduce the emissions of these substances into the environment.”  

Source: EurekAlert!

Categories : Diseases, Syndromes and Conditions General InterestTags :

Ancient Y. Pestis DNA Suggests Earlier Start to Black Death

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Plague doctor costume
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The origin of the mediaeval Black Death pandemic (AD 1346–1353) has long been studied because of its massive impact on population and society. However, most studies have focused on surviving European records, but they provide little insight into the actual origin of this world-changing pandemic. A new study published in Nature reconstructs the DNA of Yersinia pestis from ancient burial sites, suggesting that 1338 was the date of the first outbreak which would later go on to ravage Eurasia.

Conventional thinking puts the onset of the Black Death at 1346 in the Black Sea region. Recent analysis of historical, genetic and ecological data led to the suggestion that the emergence of Y. pestis branches occurred more than a century before the beginning of the Black Death. According to the proposed model, this initial diversification was linked with territorial expansions of the Mongol Empire across Eurasia during the early thirteenth century. But in this study, the researched present ancient Y. pestis data from central Eurasia supporting a fourteenth-century emergence – putting the emergence a full century later, closer to the conventionally accepted 1346 date.

Until now, the most debated archaeological evidence on the pandemic’s initiation came from cemeteries located near Lake Issyk-Kul in modern-day Kyrgyzstan.

These sites are thought to have housed victims of a fourteenth-century epidemic as tombstone inscriptions directly dated to 1338–1339 state ‘pestilence’ as the cause of death for the buried individuals.

Researchers analysed ancient DNA data from seven individuals exhumed from two of these cemeteries, Kara-Djigach and Burana. The combination of archaeological, historical and ancient genomic data implicates Y. pestis in this epidemic event.

Two reconstructed ancient Y. pestis genomes represent a single strain and are identified as the most recent common ancestor of a major diversification commonly associated with the pandemic’s emergence, here dated to the first half of the fourteenth century. Comparing these ancient genomes present-day diversity from Y. pestis reservoirs in the Tian Shan area where China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan meet supports a local emergence of the recovered ancient strain.

Exactly how Y. pestis made it to western Eurasia is unknown, but previous research suggested that both warfare and/or trade networks were some of the main contributors in the spread of Y. pestis. However, the lack of any military campaigns in this period and the proximity of trans-Asian networks plus trade items at the site suggest trade playing a role in Y. pestis dissemination.

The authors conclude that “Although the ancient Y. pestis genomes reported in this Article offer biological evidence to settle an old debate, it is the unique historical and archaeological contexts that define our study’s scope and importance. As such, we envision that future synergies will continue to reveal important insights for a detailed reconstruction of the processes that triggered the second plague pandemic.”

Categories : General InterestTags :

Child Welfare NGO One of Many Defunded by Government

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Christelike Maatskappy Raad Noord (CMRN), an NGO in Gauteng which focuses on children’s welfare through the use of social workers, has been defunded by the government. This amounts to just over half of its funding, according to marketing manager Anya le Cornu. Other NGOs have also had their funding cut, she said, as heard via the Auditor General’s office.

This comes in the wake of the COVID pandemic as CMNR had to cope with continuing to deliver services amidst lockdowns. If other NGOs are similarly impacted, . Founded in 1936, CMRN aims to eradicate child abuse and neglect, providing a wide range of child protection service from its 16 centres.

The NGO assists a large number of families of children: 6000 beneficiaries received material or skill support in 2020–2021, its Child Protection Awareness campaign reached 14 500 people, 622 children were protected through the legal system, and 900 children received speech or play therapy.

However, these services are obviously under threat from the significant loss of provincial government funding, which at R7 million, accounted for 53% of its income.

In order to cope, CMNR has been forced to restructure, reducing costs wherever possible. Unfortunately, it has having to slash its social workers from 28 to 17 as of 1 July.

Due to the lack of subsidy and other challenges, areas such as statutory work may be impacted.

According to le Cornu, CMRN will try and secure funding through every means possible. “We will maintain and strengthen our relationship with the NG church, our other funding partner,” she says. “We will also continue with our marketing and fundraising initiatives. Professional fees will also be applied where possible. We will also reach out to schools and other institutions where part time social work services are needed and contract these services out to generate an income stream.”

The organisation remains hopeful despite these challenges. “We do wish to have a good relationship with the Department of Social Development and would apply for government funding in specific programs where the objectives of these programs are aligned to our own and the communities we serve,” says le Cornu.

“The CMR North believes that we will survive this crisis and hope to be a beacon of light for other NGOs who might suffer the same fate. It is our passion to continue bringing hope to the vulnerable and we see these events as an opportunity to re-invent our services so that they can have a broader and positive impact in the communities we serve.”

Hopefully, additional funding can be found so that CMRN can continue to provide its services, but if this is part of a wider pattern, people in South Africa who are most in need and depend on these services will suffer the most.

Categories : General Interest HospitalsTags :

Another Fire Breaks Out at Steve Biko Academic Hospital

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On Sunday evening, another fire broke out at Steve Biko Academic Hospital – the second in two weeks. The fire damaged linen and prompted an evacuation but fortunately, there were no injuries resulting from the incident, Times Live reported.

Gauteng health department spokesperson Kwara Kekana said the cause of the latest fire was due to till-burning cigarette butts discarded by patients which “touched the ward linen room lights, burning the steel shelves and linen.”

Kekana said the damage was limited to a few items of linin. The fire started at around 6.15pm in a linen closet in a medical ward.

“The fire was quickly extinguished by staff. Patients were temporarily evacuated as a safety precaution because of smoke. By 8.15pm, patients were returned to the ward after the City of Tshwane declared the site safe,” Kekana said.

The previous fire at the hospital broke out at around 1:20am in a temporary storage area for COVID medical waste and as an in-transit corpse area. That fire affected temporary structures outside the hospital casualty area, and forced the evacuation of 18 patients.

This is the latest in a string of fires in Gauteng hospitals, such as the devastating fire at Charlotte Maxeke hospital – something which has caused concern for Gauteng Health MEC Nomathemba Mokgethi.

Speaking about the previous fire, she said that, “It looks like every year in the Department of Health we have to deal with fires. I will be getting a report the afternoon from the law enforcement agency, especially on the Charlotte issue.”

The problem of hospital fires is not confined to Gauteng: exactly a week earlier, a blaze broke out at Chatsmed Hospital in Durban.

Source: Times Live

Categories : General Interest Hospitals UncategorizedTags : 1 Comment

Whistle-blowing Paediatrician at Rahima Moosa Suspended

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The whistle-blowing paediatrician Dr Tim de Maayer who spoke out about appalling conditions at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital (RMMCH) was suspended yesterday, apparently in a retaliatory move.

In the widely-read open letter appearing on the Daily Maverick, he spoke of the preventable tragedy of babies dying due to lack of resources. This came shortly after a viral video showed pregnant mothers sleeping on the floor.

Presciently, the Daily Maverick, which broke the story, stated that there were two options: act to change the situation for the better, or “shoot the messenger”. As the newspaper wryly noted as it broke the news on Friday, 10 June, the option of shooting the messenger has been taken.

Although there appeared to be an initial positive response, Dr Maayer gave notice on Thursday evening that he was not able to come into work on Friday as he was being placed on suspension. RMMCH doctors then contacted the Daily Maverick.

His suspension leaves the hospital without its only paediatric gastroenterologist, according to an anxious doctor who got in touch with the Daily Maverick late Thursday night. The news has spread like wildfire across social media, with other doctors quick to come to Dr de Maayer’s defence.

A petition on Change.org to reinstate the paediatrician is being circulated by ordinary citizens and clinicians including Professor Shabir Madhi, who has been vocal in his support of Dr de Maayer.

Guy Richards, critical-care professor at Wits University tweeted that it was a “shocking response”.

The Progressive Health Forum (PHF) called for the suspension of Dr de Maayer to be overturned.

“Dr de Maayer has been suspended on the grounds that he has a voice, a conscience and a professional ethic and being a committed public health clinician. This pattern of victimisation has been repeatedly applied to clinicians who dare call out inadequacies of the administration and negative impact on clinicians and on the lives of patients,” the PHF said in a statement.

Source: Daily Maverick

Categories : General InterestTags :

US Doctor Gives His Life Stopping Church Shooting

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Candle-lit vigil
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A US doctor has been hailed as a hero after he gave his life to stop a gunman firing upon a church congregation.

The Orange County Sherriff’s Department hailed the doctor’s ultimate sacrifice following the tragic shooting, which took place at a the Geneva Presbyterian Church in Laguna Woods, California, on Sunday afternoon.

John Cheng, MD, 52, was attending a church lunch with his mother when 68-year-old David Chou chained the doors shut and opened fire on a group of elderly parishioners.

Acting without hesitation, Dr Cheng, a prominent sports medicine physician, quickly tackled the suspect, allowing church members to restrain him, according to a statement from the Orange County Sheriff’s Department.

When he leapt to the defence, Dr Cheng sustained multiple gunshot wounds and succumbed to his injuries. He leaves behind his wife and two children, as well as devastated colleagues at his practice, who referred to him as a protector, ABC 7 reported.

“Officials said that were it not for the actions of Dr Cheng, there most certainly would have been many more lives lost,” said the California Medical Association in a statement released a day after the shooting.

“Our nation continues to be plagued by an epidemic of gun violence,” they wrote. “Physicians as healers are often on the front lines of these tragic events, treating the wounds of the victims of gun violence.”

Five other victims sustained gunshot wounds and were taken to local hospitals for treatment. The suspected shooter, who is in custody and being charged with murder and attempted murder, allegedly drove from Las Vegas to attack the church, at which members of the Taiwanese Presbyterian Church have had a space since 2009. He knew no-one at the church but spent about an hour mingling with them to gain their trust, NPR reported.

The shooting is being investigated as a hate crime, since the suspect was reportedly upset about political tensions involving China and Taiwan, the sheriff’s department noted.

At a media briefing, Orange County District Attorney Todd Spitzer praised Dr Cheng’s actions.

Dr Cheng knew that there were many parishioners at risk, Spitzer said. He charged across the room, and did everything he possibly could to disable the assailant. “He sacrificed himself so that others could live,” he added.

Don Barnes, the Orange County Sheriff-Coroner, was in agreement, saying that “there is no doubt that Dr. Cheng’s actions that day saved the lives of many other church members. He is a hero and will be remembered by this community as such.”

Source: MedPage Today