Fewer cases of melanoma were observed among regular users of vitamin D supplements than among non-users, researchers in Finland found. People taking vitamin D supplements regularly also had a considerably lower risk of skin cancer, according to a study of nearly 500 people with increased skin cancer risk, which was published in Melanoma Research.
A key micronutrient, vitamin D may play a role in many diseases. Previous studies investigating the link between vitamin D and skin cancers, have been inconclusive or contradictory, but they mainly focussed on serum levels of calcidiol, which is a metabolite of vitamin D. Serum calcidiol levels have been associated with both a slightly higher or lower risk of different skin cancers. This may be partly due to the fact that serum calcidiol analyses do not provide information on vitamin D metabolism in the human skin, which can express enzymes that generate biologically active vitamin D metabolites or inactivate them.
The new study took a different approach: 498 adult patients with an increased risk of a skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma, were recruited and classified into low risk, moderate risk and high risk. Based on their use of oral vitamin D supplements, the patients were divided into three groups: non-users, occasional users and regular users. Serum calcidiol levels were analysed in half of the patients and found to correspond to their self-reported use of vitamin D.
A key finding of the study is that there were considerably fewer cases of melanoma among regular users of vitamin D than among non-users, and that the skin cancer risk classification of regular users was considerably better than non-users’. Logistic regression analysis showed that melanoma risk among regular users was more than halved compared to non-users.
The findings suggest that even occasional users of vitamin D may have a lower risk for melanoma than non-users. However, there was no statistically significant association between the use of vitamin D and the severity of photoaging, facial photoaging, actinic keratoses, nevus count, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Serum calcidiol levels were not significantly associated with these skin changes, either. Since the research design was cross-sectional, the researchers were unable to demonstrate a causal relationship.
Other relatively recent studies, too, have provided evidence of the benefits of vitamin D in melanoma, such as of the association of vitamin D with a less aggressive melanoma.
“These earlier studies back our new findings from the North Savo region here in Finland. However, the question about the optimal dose of oral vitamin D in order to for it to have beneficial effects remains to be answered. Until we know more, national intake recommendations should be followed,” Professor of Dermatology and Allergology Ilkka Harvima of the University of Eastern Finland notes.
Source: University of Eastern Finland
