Oestrogen from Hormone Replacement Therapy Reduces COVID Mortality

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A new study in Family Practice reported that receiving oestrogen in the form of hormone replacement therapy within six months of a recorded diagnosis of COVID was associated with a reduction in mortality from the disease.

While men and women are equally susceptible to the infection, men tend to have more severe disease, with higher rates of hospitalisation and mortality. A recent 38-country review of sex differences in COVID found men to have a 1.7 times higher mortality rate than women. Younger women or those with higher oestrogen levels are less likely to experience COVID complications.

Earlier studies have also shown that women have faster and greater immune responses to viral infections. Similar trends has been observed in previous pandemics, including the SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) outbreaks.

The reason for these sex differences is uncertain. Limited recent observational data suggest that oestrogen may reduce the severity of COVID disease. This study investigated the association between hormone replacement therapy or combined oral contraception use, and the likelihood of death in women with COVID. Researchers investigated combined oral contraception, which contains oestrogen, because some Recent observational data suggests that women taking oral contraceptives have a lower risk of acquiring COVID.

Investigators used a retrospective cohort with medical records from the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care database. They identified a group of 1 863 478 women over 18 from 465 general practices in England.  There were 5451 COVID cases within the cohort. Hormone replacement therapy was associated with a 22% reduction in all-cause mortality in COVID.

This suggests that oestrogen may well contribute a protective effect against COVID severity. This may explain why fewer women compared to men have been hospitalised, admitted to ICU, or died due to COVID during the pandemic.

“This study supports the theory that oestrogen may offer some protection against severe COVID,” said Christopher Wilcox, one of the paper’s authors. “We hope that this study can provide reassurance to patients and clinicians that there is no indication to stop hormone replacement therapy because of the pandemic.”

Source: EurekAlert!