Day: November 16, 2020

Categories : Diseases, Syndromes and ConditionsTags :

Promising Drug May Worsen Instead of Treat Multiple Sclerosis

On By ModernMedia

A drug, TEPP-46,  that is being assessed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) may in fact be worsening the progression of the disease, wrote University of Virginia on the Medical Xpress website.

MS is a debilitating disease which affects over one million people in America, in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, creating a range of effects in sufferers, from muscle spasms to numbness.

Presently available drugs to treat MS often have unwanted side effects, such as weakening the immune system. Originally developed to fight cancer, TEPP-46 is small-molecule drug that targets the changes in cellular metabolism that occur in both cancer and MS. However, the drug has been shown to produce off-target effects. In the mouse model used by the researchers, the inflammation was directed away from the spinal cord and into the brain. The researchers believed that this was the result of the drug harmfully changing T cells, but could not explain why. 

“It was not at all what we expected,” said MS researcher Alban Gaultier, PhD, of University of Virginia. “The take-home message is that we should be very careful and do more fundamental research before we propose to take this to clinical trials.”

Categories : COVIDTags :

Moderna COVID Vaccine Confers 94.5% Protection

On By ModernMedia

The BBC reports that, hot on the heels of Pfizer/BioNTech’s announcement of 90% protection conferred by their vaccine, Moderna has announced that their trial with 30 000 participants has achieved a 94.5% level of protection.

This is based on the first 95 participants to develop COVID, with only five having received the vaccine while the others received the placebo. Additionally, although 11 participants developed severe COVID, none came from the vaccine group.

Slight, short-lived adverse effects including headaches, fatigue and pain were reported after receiving the vaccine by patients. Prof Peter Openshaw, of Imperial College London commented, “These effects are what we would expect with a vaccine that is working and inducing a good immune response.”

Moderna’s vaccine also has an advantage over the Pfizer vaccine in that it can be stored at -20C for up to six months, and in a refrigerator for one month. This will significantly improve the logistics of its distribution, requiring a less intensive cold storage chain.

Categories : Cardiovascular DiseaseTags :

A Bad Rap? Statins Have “Nocebo” Effect

On By ModernMedia

According to an article by the BBC, new research funded by the Imperial Heart Foundation indicates that a significant portion of statins’ adverse side effects are attributable to the “nocebo” effect. 

Statins are one of the most prescribed tablets in the UK, used to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The effects help prevent heart attacks and stroke, but nearly a fifth of patients stop taking them due to side effects such as joint pain, muscle ache, fatigue and nausea. In 60 patients were recruited, who had all stopped taking statins due to their adverse effects. On a scale of 0 to 100, those taking placebo tablets reported a similarly high score (15.4) to those taking statins (16.3), compared to a group receiving no tablets (8).  The effect was so strong that many patients discontinued the dummy pills. 

The nocebo effect is the inverse of the placebo effect, where patients experience adverse effects even when they are taking a placebo. This is thought to explain why there is such a high prevalence of penicillin allergies when testing proves otherwise. 

Once the patients were talked through the nocebo effect, most were able to resume statins. It is not known as to why statins have such a powerful nocebo effect, although some attribute this to media creating a “self-fulfilling destiny”.

“If you stopped a man in the street and asked how do you feel about an aspirin or a statin a day, I think people would be much more positive about the aspirin,” said one of the researchers, Dr James Howard.