Day: November 5, 2020

Categories : Cardiovascular Disease Mental HealthTags :

‘Flight or Flight’ Brain Region Linked to Heart Disease

On By ModernMedia

Research on marmosets as reported in The Conversation has revealed the role that a region of the brain called sgACC plays in emotional arousal. Over-activity of sgACC was already associated with the dampening of pleasure and reward stimulus, seen in depression. 

A threat was presented to the marmosets in the form of a rubber snake and the marmosets were conditioned with a tone to create an association. The tone was later made without the snake to de-associate it from threat. The experimental group had over-activity induced in sgACC, the control group did not.

They found that marmosets who had not had sgACC over-stimulated responding normally to the de-association, calming down more quickly, but the over-activity group displayed fear and elevated blood pressure for much longer.

The over-activity of sgACC was also linked to abnormal heart function – increased heart rate and reduced variability in heart rate even at rest, without the presence of a threat.

Such changes reflect the presence of anxiety. The abnormal heart rates suggests that sgACC promotes the “flight or fight” response.
Brain imaging showed, with over-activity in sgACC, concurrent increased activity in the amygdala and hypothalamus, and reduced activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is also seen in depression. Ketamine, a drug being investigated to treat depression, was shown to treat the depression aspects of sgACC over-activity, but in this case not anxiety – the marmosets remained fearful to stimulus.

Categories : COVIDTags :

COVID Cough Droplets Can Travel up to 6.6m

On By ModernMedia

Researchers in Singapore have employed fluid physics to add to the growing body of research surrounding the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 

“In addition to wearing a mask, we found social distancing to be generally effective, as droplet deposition is shown to be reduced on a person who is at least one metre from the cough,” said study author Fong Yew Leong.

The researchers found that the results were highly dependent on ambient air characteristics, such as temperature and humidity, as well as assumptions about the viability of the virus

“An evaporating droplet retains the non-volatile viral content, so the viral loading is effectively increased,” said author Hongying Li.

Source: IOL

Categories : COVIDTags :

Air Pollution May Increase COVID Mortality Risk by 11%

On By ModernMedia

Air pollution, a persistent problem around the world, is known to cause lung diseases, and existing lung diseases are known to exacerbate COVID. According to new research reported on by The Guardian, air pollution has been shown to be a significant factor for dying from COVID – increasing the risk of death by 11%.

The gold standard for assessing an association between COVID and air pollution would be getting a large enough sample of participants and acquiring personal details so that their age, smoking history and other details can be taken into account. However, such levels of individual details are not yet available, so researchers are looking to group studies to provide the data, albeit at reduced quality. Hundreds of group studies are awaiting review, but the evidence so far appears compelling.

Prof Francesca Dominici at Harvard University, the research leader says that there is definitely enough evidence to act on already. “We already have an overwhelming amount of evidence of the adverse health effects of fine particle pollution, so even without Covid, we should implement more stringent regulation. But the amount of [Covid-related] evidence is also big enough now that there is absolutely nothing to lose, and only benefits, to prioritise some of the more vulnerable areas.”

Efforts to help mitigate the effect of air pollution on potential COVID patients could include air pollution reduction measures and distributing PPE in priority areas.

Categories : HIVTags :

Eradication of Polio in Africa Boosted Public Health

On By ModernMedia

A story in Medical Xpress discusses the eradication of polio in Africa – officially declared polio-free on August 2020 – and how the campaign for its elimination reaped many other side benefits for public healthcare on the continent.

Polio, alongside smallpox which has now been eradicated worldwide, is one of the great success stories of vaccination: 350 000 people were paralysed by polio in 1988, and in 2019 only 175 people were.

The current effort started in 1996, when African heads of state resolved to eliminate polio on the African continent, and Nelson Mandela launched the “Kick Polio out of Africa” campaign. Collaborations between all sectors of civil society came together to achieve the goal. Vaccination is followed up with surveillance – 3 consecutive disease-free years are needed to certify eradication in an area. Polio was close to eradication 20 years ago, but vaccine hesitancy – a key concern for future COVID vaccination – was spread by misinformation and undermined the efforts.

Africa now has stronger public health systems thanks to the investments made, and developments such as new innovations to deliver vaccines and a renewed demand for vaccine services.

Categories : UncategorizedTags :

Dis-Chem Continues to Grow, Eyes Medical Insurance Sector

On By ModernMedia

According to Moneyweb, the JSE-listed Dis-Chem group has announced that it is seeking to acquire an as yet unnamed medical insurance group, withholding the payout of dividends to pay for the expansion.

Earlier this year, it also announced plans to acquire Baby City for R430 million. It is also apparently “investigating” the acquisition of a community-based pharmacy group. In justifying the motivation for the deal, the group said: “Covid-19 has highlighted that individuals and companies are more prepared than ever to spend on healthcare and has also led to a deeper understanding of the importance of mental health, accelerating the need for companies to provide support to employees and their families.

“Through this transaction, the group will benefit from vertical integration into the health value chain, with access to a unique set of assets, in a sector of the healthcare market that is experiencing rapid and sustainable growth,” the group continued.

“All this at margins that are significantly higher than those in the core retail business. This investment also provides access to segments of the population who have historically not been covered by the private healthcare sector. In so doing it will assist in providing deeper access to healthcare to a wider and under-served community,” Dis-Chem concluded.